Some do make this definition of a forest, vz, a forest is a teritory of grounde, meered and bounded with vnremoueable markes, méeres and boundaries, ether knowen by matter of recorde, or else by prescription. Here’s an example from the appropriately named John Manwood’s 1592 A Brefe Collection of the Lawes of the Forest: The form boundary doesn’t make its appearance until the Early Modern era. Robert Cotton, whose library formed the core of the British Library’s manuscript collection, housed his manuscripts in presses topped with busts of Roman emperors, and the manuscript shelf marks retain this designation to this day.) (The names Otho and Caligula seem odd to the uninitiated. The two manuscripts are an example of the language changing “in real time,” and it’s a haphazard and uneven process where the scribes are not being consistent in which forms they choose. The original version, which is lost, undoubtedly used the older Old English forms in both these cases. One such case is the following passage: Caligula uses the older marmon stane where Otho uses the Anglo-Norman form with the later plural inflection marbre stones. In other places Otho uses a recent Anglo-Norman borrowing where the Caligula manuscript uses a word from Old English. One might think from this example that Otho was copied earlier, but that is not necessarily the case. In this instance the Otho manuscript is using an older English word, while the Caligula manuscript is using a synonym recently borrowed from Anglo-Norman. (Then they came to the land that Hercules founded.) Þo comen hi to þan wonigge þat Hercules makede. The word wunung is Old English meaning dwelling or place of habitation, and its Early Middle English use could denote land or country. Very broad and very long it all stood in his possession.)īut the other manuscript, Cotton Otho C Xiii (that is Otho), uses the word wonigge instead of bunnen. Hercules had made that token: that the land thereabout was It was made of long posts of strong marble. That Hercules had made, with his great strength. Swiðe brod & swiðe long al hit stod an his hand. Þat taken makede Hærcules pat lond þe þer-abuten wes. Pat weoren postes longe of marmon stane stronge. Pa Hercules makede mid muchelen his strengðe. The relevant passage in the manuscript British Library, MS Cotton Caligula A 1x (from here on out “Caligula”) reads: This particular instance is of note not only because it is an early appearance of a form of the word bound, but it also marks the shift from an Old English predecessor to the Anglo-Norman term in English writing. The poem survives in two extant manuscripts, both dating to 1275–1300, but it was probably composed c. It appears in the poem Laȝamon’s Brut, a poetic, fanciful history of Britain. Both terms were borrowed from Anglo-Norman French.īound appears in English by the late thirteenth century, at first as a noun denoting a stone property marker, later generalizing to the property line itself. when the descriptions of the limits are arranged as a series of instructions that, if followed, result in traveling along the tract's boundaries.īounds remains familiar to present-day speakers, but metes has passed into the realm of arcane legal jargon. The method of describing a tract by limits so measured, esp. The territorial limits of real property as measured by distances and angles from designated landmarks and in relation to adjoining properties. Black’s Law Dictionary defines it thusly:ġ. Metes and bounds is a legal term used in real property law.
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